Gateway Project for Snowtown Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gateway Project for Snowtown - Case Study Example In order to reverse this abysmal trend, my plan proposes the design and implementation of a project that will establish two main gateway signs, to be located in two strategic sites in the town. The overall rationale behind this decision is to present Snowtown to commuters before their entry into the district. It will also serve as a quick reference to what is on offer and where it can be obtained within the premise of the city. The project envisages beyond given the town an aesthetic phase lift to also providing a one stop coordinating network of the town's iconic and signing outlay. To be incorporated in the project is the construction of public services centers at definite locations within the overall framework of the project. Snowtown by virtue of her location is the most preferred route for road users commuting to and fro Adelaide and Port Piere. Owing to this significant advantage, it is incumbent on the city planners to identify how to enhance the comparative advantage of this phenomenon within the established context of road transport. A recent survey indicates that, most travelers know little or nothing about this boisterous town besides cruising through it to their intended destinations. The project therefore, desires to embark on a massive publicity campaign that will showcase the township as an appealing tourism destination that will treat visitors to a delightful exhibition of the rich cultural heritage of Snowtown. It will serve as a platform to tap into the vibrant agricultural legacy for which the township is reputed for. In the case of Snowtown, besides the conventional road signage, there is a conspicuous gap in the provision of other equally relevant information outposts that presents the town in a unique fashion with the view of marketing it. In recognition of the above fact, there has been a remarkable move by government in recent times to explore within available provisions to pursue viable programmes that spurs sustainable economic improvement nationwide of which infrastructural development ranks high. The government's policy is motivated by the knowledge that given the relevant policy backing, cities and towns within the local government and decentralization programme can be challenged under available resources to resuscitate their dormant economic forces and also discover other fallow segments that have hitherto been overlooked. This is the basis upon which, this project is in resonance with an overall national agenda of economic development using infrastructural improvement as a catalyst to achieve this goal. Judging from the above, it cannot be disputed that this project is not only timely, but also connected with the long held value system that defines the township and people of Snowtown. It provides an opportunity to seal the patches that are causing leakages to the economic, social and tourist endowments in the intended project implementation locations. When all is said and done, the project will have immediate benefits to the current generation with rippling effects on posterity. 1.2Project Overview A) Project Title:

Psychological Concerns in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychological Concerns in Medicine - Essay Example Pain management is one of the biggest psychological concerns in the field of medicine, there are so many herbal as well as other medicines which help patients in difficult circumstances, but almost all the people lose their composure when in pain. Like in so many divisions of medicine, it is also seen lately that doctors have become experts in treatment of pain. These doctors study about pain inside out, "studying what causes it, how the body reacts to it, how different medications dull or eliminate the pain, and how other treatments can be used to relieve many painful conditions." (American Society, September 2, 2008). These doctors are very good at diagnosis and are very efficient when it comes to pain management provided the patient goes to a trusted Doctor. Pain doctors collect all the necessary details required to know about the pain and then they produce results by curing the patient's pain within very less time. There are many treatments for pain, some of the most used treatme nts are through injections, the affected area is injected with appropriate medicine and pain is taken care of. The next most widely used treatment is the nerve block, in which the plexus better know as the bunch of nerves are blocked by anesthesia and the patient gets relief. Acupuncture comes next, this hails from the Chinese culture, very thin needles are used in this procedure at specific points and the people who do this undergo rigorous training. Some other methods include surgery, various therapies and offering psychological support to the patient. Psychological support can also help a lot and can make a person feel much better; this treatment should always be used because this is one of the best treatments a patient can ever get. Sadness and depression is another psychological concern in the field of medicine, sadness and depression can happen for more reasons than one, for instance lets take an example of a lady who has just recovered form cancer, she might end up sad and depressed because of the shape of her body, appearance does matter to an extent and contributes in a very big way in forming our personality. Even suicide also is a very big concern, suicide also is just like sadness and depression or it is fair to put it this way that sadness and depression triggers off the feeling of suicide in a person. Suicide also can be committed for many reasons for instance if a person knows that he/she is suffering from a deadly disease like AIDS or cancer, it is so often seen in such cases that the patients decide to give up their life, so considering all this it is very fair to say that suicide, sadness and depression are major psychological issues or concerns in medicine. Sadness and depression can also trigger off series of other dysfunctions, for instance a cancer patient feels sad during intercourse, and the same will also contribute towards sexual dysfunction. The people who suffer from deadly diseases may face low self esteem and many other problems. Psychological issues often prove fatal and end up taking the life of so many people and this happens very frequently. Anxiety and depression among children is common, but when it reaches an alarmingly high level, it becomes a big psychological concern. It is often treated by psychotherapy, which involves diagnosis; to know exactly

Brief History Of Japanese Cinema Film

Brief History Of Japanese Cinema Film For the basis of my essay I shall try and delve into how Japanese cinema reflects and challenges the culture of the country, I will also look into several films and analyse them to show what connection they have with the cultural aspect of japan as a nation and also provide a brief history of Japanese cinema. The issues I will look at will involve the Hiroshima bombings and the effects of nuclear warfare as mentioned above and the relevance to Godzilla, as well as the cultural aspects of seven Samurai and how it reflects Japanese mentality in terms of lifestyle and also looking at the huge emphasis that martial arts plays in there cinema which sometimes may form a stereo type for Japanese people. Film makers I will look at will include Akira kurosawa and the creator of Dragon ball Z Akira Toriyama and Maseki Kobayahi. In terms of observations I will focus on mainly the culture which includes clothing/ mentality of the Japanese people and lifestyle. I will also look at the original Ja panese film, The Ringu which inspired the 2002 film The Ring and talk about how it acted as almost a renaissance for Japanese horror films, ultimately finishing with a conclusion on my thoughts about my findings and give my opinion on how culture is reflected. Japanese cinema dates back over a hundred years and is the fourth largest in terms of yearly films produced in the world. The arrival of the Lumià ¨re brothers cinematograph in 1897 marked the true beginning of cinema in Japan. The first moving-picture camera imported into the country was a Gaumont camera that was used on a few instances to film fashionable geishas in the traditional restaurants of Shimbashi, which received the approval of the Japanese audiences. The film made from these shots of the geishas is considered to be the first film made for entertainment in Japan. In 1899, a photographic engineer named Tsunekichi Shibata made what is thought to be the first Japanese cinematographic production, a film of purely theatrical content that showed a kabuki play named Maple Viewing or Momijigari. In 1908, ShÃ…Â zÃ…Â  Makino, considered the pioneer director of Japanese cinema, started his influential career with HonnÃ…Â ji gassen, produced for Yokota ShÃ…Â kai. ShÃ…Â zÃ…Â  then cast Matsunosuke Onoe, a former kabuki actor, to star in his work. Onoe became Japans first real film star, appearing in over a thousand films, most of them were shorts, between 1909 and 1926. The pair pioneered the jidaigeki genre. Tokihiko Okada was a popular romantic lead of the same era. Likewise the he first female Japanese performer to appear in a film professionally was the dancer/actress Tokuko Nagai Takagi, who appeared in four shorts for the American-based Thanhouser Company between 1911 and 1914. In the 1950s which is considered the Golden Age of Japanese cinema. Three Japanese films from this decade (Rashomon, Seven Samurai and Tokyo Story) made the list of Sight Sounds 2002 Critics and Directors Poll for the best films of all time. This led to a rise in diversity in movie distribution thanks to the increased amount of films produced and popularity of the film studios of Toho, Daiei, Shochiku, Nikkatsu, and Toei.It started with Akira Kurosawas Rashomon (1950), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival Which firmly put Japanese cinema on the map globally. It was also the breakout role for legendary Japanese star Toshiro Mifune The first Japanese film in color was Carmen Comes Home directed by Ke isuke Kinoshita and released in 1951. There was also a black-and-white version of this film available. Gate of Hell, a 1953 film by Teinosuke Kinugasa, was the first movie that filmed using the Eastman color film, Gate of Hell was both Daieis first color film and the first Japanese color movie to be released outside of Japan internationally, receiving an Oscar in 1954 for Best Costume Design by Sanzo Wada and an Honorary Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It also won the Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival, the first Japanese film to achieve that honour. Also that year of 1954 saw arguably the two of Japans most influential films released. The first was the Kurosawa Seven Samurai, about a group of hired samurai who protect a helpless village from a dangerous gang of thieves. The same year, IshirÃ…Â  Honda released the anti-nuclear horror film Gojira, which was translated in the English as Godzilla. Though it was severely edited for its Western release, Godzilla became an international icon of Japan and spawned an entire new genre in Japanses film known as Kaiju films which were basically monster movies. The 1980s saw the decline of many of the massive Japanese film studios and their associated cinemas, with major studios Toho responsible for Godzilla and Toei barely managing to be stable in business, Shochiku supported almost solely by the Otoko wa tsurai films, and Nikkatsu declining even further. Because of economic recessions, the number of movie theatres in Japan had been steadily declining ever since the 1960s. The 1990s saw the reversal of this trend and the introduction of the Multiplex in Japan. In the 2000s the number of movies being shown in Japan steadily started to increase, with about 821 films released in 2006. Movies based on Japanese television series were especially popular during this period. Anime films now accounted for 60 percent of Japanese film production. The 1990s and 2000s are considered to be Japanese Cinemas Second Golden Age, due to the immense popularity of anime, both within Japan and overseas. In anime, Hayao Miyazaki directed Spirited Away in 2001, b reaking Japanese box office records and winning several awards, followed by Howls Moving Castle and Ponyo in 2004 and 2008. Japanese films have been given several genres within them with Jidaigeki being historic pieces of work that are set during the Edo period (1603-1868) or earlier. Jidaigeki, which is covers films like seven samurai and the term meaning the sound of swords clashing, Horror films such as Ring Kaiju films which mentioned above are monster films which were stemmed mainly from the birth of Godzilla. Pink films which are soft core pornographic films. Yakuz, movies about the Yakuza mobsters, Gendaigeki which is the opposite of Jidaigeki are films set in the present day with contemporary themes. Shomingeki are realistic films about common working people and lifestyles. Anime which is Japanese animation and has become a massive boon in the Japanese film industry accounting for almost as much as 60% of productions and then Mecha Science fiction and Cyberpunk. Godzilla (1954) Moving on to the core of my essay the film I picked out and arguably being one of Japanese cinemas most important globally successful and iconic films, Godzilla.Initially appearing in IshirÃ…Â  Hondas 1954 monster film Godzilla, ever since then, Godzilla has then gone on to become a international pop culture icon appearing in 28 films produced by Toho Co Ltd. The monster has appeared in other numerous other mediums including video games, novels, comic books, and an American animated television series. A 1998 American remake was produced titled Godzilla but received mixed reviews and showed a different version to that of its Japanese roots and a second American version is currently in development at legendary pictures a warner bros that will be directed by Gareth Edwards after they acquired the rights from Toho with it promising to return to his original Japanese roots, with the producers behind it describing Godzilla as being a force of nature. Originally Godzilla was created after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Daigo FukuryÃ…Â « Maru incident still fresh in the minds of the Japanese people, He was portrayed as a monster created by nuclear mutation by the detonations of nuclear warfare and is supposed to be a metaphor for nuclear weapons in general. As the film series expanded and got bigger and bigger, the latter stories took on less serious undertones and began being more mainstream by portraying Godzilla as a hero while other plots still had him as a destructive creature. Baring in mind Godzillas nuclear origin, his abilities were stemmed as visual representations of the bombing by having atomic breath and a nuclear aura. By somewhat embodying the kaiju genre he has been viewed as a visual film graphic representation for the United States by giving the Japanese audience a very negative perception of America in general as well as an allegory of nuclear weapons in general. The earlier Godzilla fi lms, especially the original, showed Godzilla as a terrifying monster born of nuclear origin. Godzilla represented the fear that Japan as a nation had about the horrible nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and always counting the possibility of any recurrence. As the series progressed it also changed Godzilla into a less destructive and more heroic character as the films started to become aimed towards younger audiences. Godzilla remains one of the most recognisable fictional heroes in the history of film, and is also the second of only three fictional characters to have won the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award, which was awarded in 1996. It is clear the cultural reflection Godzilla has with Japan as a nation due to the bombing also portraying America in a negative vein. The idea of the atomic bomb was reflected in the second Godzilla movie. Gigantis, the Fire Monster. In the movie Godzilla fights for Japan against Angilas, who was also mutated by an atomic explosion. In Godzil la vs King Ghidorah, Ghidora starts out as a bat, but turns into a monster after exposure to an atom bomb test. Here it is not the idea of lizards and bats fighting but looking deeper it raises the issue of atomic bomb testing in a farcical manner. However, Godzillas status as a symbol for Japans collective fears carried on the next 40 years, Godzilla was used to symbolize other concerns as well being not only used to symbolise the atomic bomb but also the cold war. Godzilla also had a way of destroying symbols of the Japanese political establishment, including the national parliament. This can be seen in the 1992 release of Godzilla vs. Mothra. Here, the larva of the giant moth, Mothra, spins a cocoon around the countrys parliament building. Mothra was a comical insect created to do what Japan could never achieve single-handedly: stop a one party government that frustrated the nation. The aspect of women restoring the natural balance is seen again in Godzilla vs. The Thing released in the U.S. as Godzilla vs. Mothra. After a violent storm, an enormous egg is found floating in the ocean. It actually contains Mothras offspring. An entrepreneur decides to buy it and make it a tourist attraction by building a glass case around it. Metaphorically this man is Westernized in his hope to control and contain nature rather than live in harmony with it. So, a women reporter, two tiny women who are in a symbiotic and telepathic relationship with Mothra, and Mothra, herself, attempt to rescue the egg. This represents their attempt to restore the natural balance. Unfortunately, Godzilla also threatens the wellbeing of the egg and Mothra dies attempting to defend it. Eventually, though, two larvae hatch from the egg and envelope Godzilla in a chrysalis. He falls back into the water from which he came. Again, it is the women whether of the human or moth species who struggle and sacrifice themselves to resolve the films crises in favor of balance and harmony. The constant dep iction of an antagonist being a symbolic reference to the western shows that the nation of japan is united to a common threat outside their own walls showing external struggles so basically suggesting that they as a nation they stand together and dont show the internal struggles again referring back to the bombing. Foreign nations often wonder what the appeal of a giant latex dinosaur could possibly be, but I think the answer is simple, Godzilla is, after all, the overall opposite to the typical Japanese stereotype. Aggressive and monstrous in a country where people tend to be graceful and polite and honourable. He is spontaneous in a place that values the impassive, studied response. He is confrontational where conciliation is considered proper behaviour. He is, in essence, a nuclear bomb in a country that is emphatically opposed to nuclear weapons in effect challenging the countries culture. From looking at the hospital scenes after Godzilla destroys Tokyo, you get an accurate vie w to what it may have been for the unfortunate survivors of the Hiroshima blast. This was the first and only occasion in a kaiju film, the distress and suffering of innocent citizens is shown, with piles of dead bodies in hospitals that were seen. As Gojira is a hauntingly representation to the bombing of Hiroshima, Gojira no Gyakushu made in 1955 was a representation and reminder to the bombing of Nagasaki. Seven Samurai Seven Samurai was a 1954 Japanese adventure/drama film directed by Akira Kurosawa, the film is set in 1587 during the warring states period of Japan. The story revolves around a village of farmers that recruits seven master less samurai to fight against bandits who aim to steal the crops after the farms harvest. The film is looked back upon by many critics as one of the greatest and influential films of all time ever made and one of the films aswell as Godzilla which is widely known in the west and was subjected to critical acclaim voted in the list of greatest films of all time. Seven samurai has also inspired the 1960 film Magnificent seven in the west where the Samurai are replaced with gunslingers. The film also reflected Japanese agriculture with the emphasis being on a farm and crops acting almost like a metaphoric currency. It reflected the warrior culture of the nation incredibly well but in somewhat almost creates a stereotype of Japanese people. Akira Kurosawa Kurosawa was a Japanese film director/producer/screen writer and is considered by many as one of the most influential people in not only Japanese cinema but worldwide. He made his debut in Japanese film in 1936 and made his directorial debut in 1943 with Shansiro sugata. Kurosawa also left his mark on American cinema by influencing George Lucass epic science fiction Star wars from Akiras own Hidden fortress. If American film in full of action, European film has character, leaving the Japanese film rich in mood and atmosphere as Kurosawas work showed. It presented characters in nature, it raised issues like the universal topic in relation to basic humanity. However, how the story is told and the way it is viewed brand its identity to the worldwide stage. Traditional theatre Kabuki. It is a form of traditional Maseki Kobayahi The film Harakiri directed by Masaki Kobayahi in (1962) was a film made about throwing thousands of Samurai out of work and into poverty. This film took the form of militaristic power and they pose the same moral conflict in terms of the struggle of the individual against society. Japanese director Masaki Kobayashi came of age in the postwar moment, a time when filmmakers were at the frontline of dissident expression in japan. Drawing upon a rich history of protest in Japanese cinema, which had fallen dormant during the war and occupation years, filmmakers took the opportunity to challenge those institutions that remained wedded to the nations feudal past. Out of all the director in Japan Masaki Kobayashi was know to be the most passionate directors of them all and his films were marked by a insolence of tradition and authority, whether feudal or contemporary. Kobayashi found the present time to be no more different to the violation of personal freedoms than they did in the pre-meiji past, under official feudalism, had been. Kobayashi often showed his political disagreement when filming jidai-geki films, In which the historical past becomes a substitute for modern japan. When filming jidai-geki films Kobayashi exposed the historical roots of contemporary injustice. Most Japanese audiences were well schooled in history so this allowed them to connect the critique of the past with abuses in the present. The film Harakiri that was made in 1962 highlighted this. Japanese theatre, known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate makeup worn by some of its performers, like the Gieshas. This was all present in Kurosawas work especially Seven Samurai. Japanese society in film Japanese society and its culture is also a core of what cinema in the country portray or want to portray, Tokyo story is a brilliant example. It tells the story of an aging couple who travel to Tokyo to visit their grown children. The film contrasts the behaviour of their children, who are too busy to pay them much attention, and their widowed daughter-in-law, who manages to host them properly. It is often regarded as Ozus masterpiece. It tells a realistic grounded. It reflected on the culture by showing day to day Japanese family life. Memoirs from a Giesha gives us an inside into the perspective female lifestyle of a Geisha, They are a Japanese entertainer often wearing the historic kimono dress which is almost like a visual representation of a common mans image of a common Japanese woman. It reflected culture of the feminine side and how it showed women were considered not to have any skills and that it was just there looks which could be used for entertainment. Gieshas are also sometimes referred to as prostitutes due to them having the entertainer tag for the fact of not having it label them vulgar and obscene and censorship issues in Japanese cinema. Anime has also been a huge part of recent Japanese cinema, often portraying culture and history. Conclusion Concluding my essay I feel that I have given examples of instances where the culture is reflected and where the culture is challenged, Godzilla provided a visual symbolic representation of the mind set of japan during the bombing, along with addressing issues with Japanese parliament as seen in a later instalment of Godzilla and also the countries mentality as united against a common threat in this case being the western. Referring to how I think it challenges the culture in a negative sense is Another issue is the constant depiction of martial arts often in Anime and in live action Japanese cinema, which is commonly exported to western territories due to their action-packed content, and so gives an unrealistic view of Japanese culture and creates a racial stereotype. . From looking at the film Memoirs of a Geisha and where she is sold shows an example of people trafficking which can create a negative perception of Japanese culture, this in my opinion challenges the culture. From thi s research and evidence I have found out that the cinema of japan does indeed http://www.gojapango.com/culture/culture.html 10 Essential Japanese  Films http://filmstudiesforfree.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/on-japanese- cinema.html

charles schulz :: essays research papers

Perseverance and failure cannot coexist. Failure happens when you quit. When all is said and done, perseverance, commonly referred to as "stick-to-itiveness," is the ultimate success insurance. Nothing can take its place. -Charles Schulz Charles Schulz has persevered through most of his life to ensure that Americans can laugh when they receive the news paper every morning. He worked every day through cancer and wars and even the death of his parents. In a career that spanned nearly 50 years, Schulz drew more than 18,250 "Peanuts" comic strips, which expressed a droll philosophy through his trademark characters, including the hapless, angst-ridden Charlie Brown; Snoopy, a romantic, self-deluded beagle; piano-playing Schroeder; security-blanket toting Linus; and self-centered Lucy. No adult was ever pictured, though the garbled voice of a teacher or parent occasionally resonated in the background. In the beginning "Peanuts" debuted in 1950 and went on to be the most widely read comic strip in the world, with an audience of 355 million in 75 countries. It ran in 2,600 newspapers and was published in 21 languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Chinese, and Tlingit. In a tribute to Schulz, President Clinton said, "For 50 years his keen eye, his good and generous heart, and his active brush and pen have given life to the most memorable cast of characters to ever enliven our daily papers." Schulz died the night before his last strip ran in Sunday papers. In his swan song, he included a signed farewell: "I have been grateful over the years for the loyalty of our editors and the wonderful support and love expressed to me by fans of the comic strip." Born to draw Schulz was born on Nov. 26, 1922, in Minneapolis. He knew from an early age that he was destined to draw comics. As a child, he always had pen in hand. Schulz used the pen for illustrating, not homework, as he flunked several courses in high school. At age 15, Ripley's Believe It or Not accepted a drawing of his dog, Spike, "a hunting dog that eats pins, tacks, and razor blades." He served in World War II in France and Germany. After the war, he dabbled in comics, freelancing for several newspapers and magazines. He drew "Li'l Folks," the predecessor to "Peanuts," for the St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press. In 1950 the United Feature Syndicate began running the strip as "Peanuts," a name Schulz despised. It took several years for the strip to catch on, but when it did, the fire rapidly spread.

A Critique on Raphael

A Critique on Raphael Raphael was a very unique and admirable artist; however, he had many affairs, Michelangelo also disliked Raphael and thought his art was absurd and many others came to see his influence as harmful. Raphael was engaged to Maria Beanie but never had the chance to marry. From the beginning he was never interested in this engagement and he found entertainment with his mistress, Margarita Lute. During the time of his death he had written a will which left sufficient funds for the care of his mistress.He left his studio and trust to his friends. Despite his â€Å"engagement†, Raphael was a womanlier. He said that his mistress had to live with him because, â€Å"no sex, no frescoes†, if he didn't get what he wanted then no one will get what they want. The cause of his death was unknown to many but some say that he died because of his courtship with Margarita Lute several days before his death and obtained a certain disease and was treated for another and later died of the wrong cure. Raphael became an icon of lust.He later started painting nude portraits, which lead to Michelangelo having a keen dislike towards Raphael. Raphael had looked up to Michelangelo for the longest time and has been inspired by him numerous times. He has also gotten ideas for new paintings from the inspiration of the great Leonardo Advance like, â€Å"The Young Lady with Unicorn†, this particular picture was inspired by Advancing, Mona Lisa. After his death Picasso had painted a series of pornographic paintings depicting Raphael and Margarita Lute making love with Michelangelo hiding underneath the bed.Repeal's art will forever live on and will most definitely have a magnificently Jaw dropping story behind it. Being an icon of lust and Michelangelo having a severe hate towards him really helped him discover what he really truly wanted to paint. He merely told a story of his life through his art and his affairs, he says were with the love of his life. Not only will people remember him for his works of art such as â€Å"The School of Athens†, but they will also remember him as a man with a titillate passion for love.

Vernacular Approach Passive Design Strategy to Achieve an Optimum Cooling Effect in Belum Rainforest

Common attack inactive design scheme to accomplish an optimal chilling consequence in Belum Rainforest Abstraction The intent of making a survey of common attack inactive design scheme to accomplish an optimal chilling consequence in Belum Rainforest is to understand how the past architecture manners can gives us an indicant of effectual inactive design schemes to better the criterion of life within a place by supplying a construction that is more energy efficient and comfy. In helping the proof of research, literature reappraisals based on the common architecture inactive design were conducted to heighten the procedure. First of wholly, the orientation on the site is really of import to near a good passive design onto the edifice. From the instance survey at Belum Rainforest Resort, the edifices are orientated in a really systematic agreement. Buildings are placed insistent with a consistent distance to let sufficiency air current flows into the edifice. Apart from this, shaded the out-of-door country with planting and supply the shading on the edifice to take down the land temperature. Besides, seting design can work as funnel chilling zephyrs and filtrate the strong air currents. The edifice layout, for illustration the window design, orientation of the gap and shading, roof discharge, raise the edifice in piles, provided the evaporative chilling system and the stuffs used on a edifice is of import because those design schemes would act upon the airing and accomplish optimal chilling consequence inside the edifice. In decision, a standard passive design is one that uses non-energized design characteristics to do the edifice clime responsive. It is of import to observe that the optimal consequence can non normally be achieved by utilizing merely one scheme because the schemes would work best when an integrated attack is used. 1.0 Overview of Belum Rainforest Resort The Belum Rainforest Resort is located in the thick of tropical Eden, Pulau Banding, Perak. Belum Rainforest is one of Malaysia ‘s premier ecotourism vacation finishs. It is a nature lovers getaway finish where can being shut to the nature because it was surrounded by a beautiful lake position and jungle. It accomplishes the environment with arresting positions, escapade, relaxation and repose. Belum Rainforest Resort provide an chance for the nature lovers to see the beauty and enigma of the huge jungle, observe the beauty of the vegetations and zoologies and be intoxicated in the nature beauty scenery that can be found seldom in someplace else. Belum Rainforest Resort make up the rural landscape become more interesting and attractive with the common architecture edifice which is the old wing slang resort ( phase 1 ) , Kampung House and the new flying modernism resort ( phase 2 ) . Common architecture attack inactive design in their ornament, pick of stuffs used and their size and signifier to accomplish an optimal chilling consequence in the edifice. In this paper will analyze about how common attack of inactive design scheme to accomplish an optimal chilling consequence in Belum Rainforest Building.What is the demand for Common architecture to near inactive design?How does the orientation of the edifice influence the airing and chilling consequence inside the edifice.How does the common attack inactive design scheme influence the airing to accomplish optimal chilling consequence in the edifice?How make the stuffs help to accomplish the chilling consequence in the edifice?What is the similarity and differences of inactive design in the old wing resort ( phase 1 ) and new flying resort ( phase 2 ) in Belum Rainforest Resort?2.0 Requirement for Vernacular architecture to near inactive design Natural and inactive methods nearing on a edifice is indispensable to do an indoor environment comfy with keeping a low temperature scope in a edifice. An optimal design house is non merely designed base on their residents for assorted practical demands but yet for a comfy indoor environment. In common architecture, it simplest signifier of turn toing human demands is successfully achieve a sustainable edifice with those natural and inactive methods and yet it besides encompassing the regionalism and cultural edifice traditions, supplying the construction more energy efficient. In traditional manner, a common architecture edifice was been built with the natural resources around the site and have to do certain that those stuffs application would giving a good responsive to the clime to do the indoor environment comfy. Besides that, orientation of the edifice is considerable to do the edifice takes the advantages of climatic characteristics such as Sun and chilling zephyrs. Orientation of the edifice is the basic application for a sustainable and inactive design decides the edifice layouts, window design, shadowing and etc. 3.0 Building Orientation influence the airing and chilling consequence inside the edifice Orientation of the edifice, on of the basic inactive design strategic should be see on the site because it is really of import to cut downing the energy ingestion and supplying the edifice environment comfortable. A good orientation of a edifice can assist to cut down the edifice heat addition and provided a good airing and chilling consequence onto the edifice. Because of the Sun rises on the E and sets in the West, all the edifices in Belum Rainforest Resort was orientated their long facade to the North and South way and short facade to the E and west way with a really systematic agreement for illustration every individual of the Kampung House and the stage 2 resort are confronting their entryway and life room on the North way and holding an enclosed facade on the West to forestall the edifice upper limit exposure to the sunshine. There will be a long roof shadowing on the E and west facade of the edifice while the North and the south facade will be decorated with short crucifix sh adowing. Most of the gap would be placed on the North and south way due to the inactive design strategic to forestall the edifice most of the clip was been exposed to the sunshine and besides it can assist to cut down the heat addition of the edifice. In others manner, the edifices are placed insistent with a consistent distance to let sufficiency air current flows into the edifice. To accomplish high natural airing inside the edifice, opening should confront on the strong air current way. For illustration, more gap was been placed on the North East way due to most of the clip at that place have strong natural air currents blows towards. Due to the topography of Belum Rainforest Resort which is an island surrounded by the rain forest, the environing mountain was reclaimed as the higher topography comparison to the lower topography which is the location of Belum Rainforest Resort. Thus, the higher topography helps to barricade the Sun irradiate to the lower topography when the sundown. In regardless of the site contrast, the mountain was acted as a shading to profit the Belum Rainforest. 4.0 Common attack inactive design scheme influence the airing to accomplish optimal chilling consequence in the edifice. Based on this subject, the method of common attack inactive design scheme influence the airing to accomplish optimal chilling consequence in the edifice of Belum Rainforest Resort would be discussed. There are some of the common design scheme could be applied on the edifice to chilling down the edifice such as the evaporative chilling system, gable roof discharge, roof stack airing, huge gap, constructing rise in piles and the overhang for the shading. 4,1 Evaporative chilling system To accomplish a comfy environment, evaporative chilling system is one of the ways to do the environing environment ice chest with the evaporated H2O vapour in the environing air. For illustration, in Belum Rainforest Resort, we can establish there is pool and swimming pool been decorated in the courtyard outside the resort. As the H2O evaporated, about 2500 J of heat energy is consumed. It wet the environing edifice and the H2O pull out the heat from its environing country to do the environing ice chest. Evaporative chilling system is suited to continue outside the edifice alternatively of inside the edifice particularly is our state which is a really hot and humid to avoid the elevating of inside edifice humidness. 4.2 Stack Ventilation and Roof Ventilator Stack airing usually will be go oning in the common architecture house with the map of ventilate the inside and trapped the hot air underneath the roof and so cut down the heat addition inside the edifice. The air motion usually is from the high denseness country of air to a less denseness of air. The ventilator roof articulations or the Malay funnels shaped roof at each gable terminal allowed the hot air rises with perkiness inside the edifice and is infiltrated out therefore the temperature inside the edifice could be lower down and accomplish a chilling consequence inside the edifice. On the other manus, roof blowhole besides could be found in the common architecture house. Due to the Phase 1 Resort in Belum Rainforest Resort is design base on the common architecture manner, the rectangular gable roof blowhole hole was been founded near to the extremum of the roof. The inactive gable roof blowhole map effectual as the natural air can flux in and out to the edifice. 4.3 Opening Huge fenestration is really indispensable for a edifice. It plays an of import function for wind circulation from outside to inside of the edifice. To accomplish a good passive design edifice, the orientation of the gap is really of import. Huge fenestration should be layout on the North and south facade of the edifice to forestall most of the interior surface country of the edifice been exposed to the sunshine. In Belum Rainforest, most of the North and south edifice facade are designed with operable huge fenestration such as the gap of eating house in Phase 1 resort and the Kampung house. Those operable gap helps to cut down the energy ingestion in the edifice and brings the natural airing into the edifice. There is besides some sort of inoperable fenestration from the Phase 1 Resort at Belum Rainforest Resort. The inoperable bamboo fenestration design act as a shading on the edifice facade and in the same clip it is besides an gap with could let the airing flow into the edifice. 4.4 Stilt Building Piles edifice are the edifice which is raised up by stacking over the dirt to the edifice land floor. It is one of the feature of common architecture manner. Chiefly, piles house is used to forestall house been flooded by H2O and forestall the wild animate being such as rat or bite to mount up to the edifice. In add-on, pile edifice besides present good itself in inactive chilling design with the method of air current flows under the edifice land floor. The good airing system enable the hot been exchange with the cold air and therefore it maintain the edifice land floor ice chest all of the clip. By the same item, because the dirt under the edifice all of the clip was been shaded and less exposed to sunlight, it keep the land floor with low temperature and do the edifice environment lupus erythematosus with heat addition. The saloon & A ; kitchen which connected with the Phase 1 Resort and the Kampung House in Belum Rainforest Resort was been designed with pile. Those edifice are full fill the demand of common architecture inactive design manner non merely with the application of aesthetic traditional design but besides with their inactive design strategic for illustration lower down the temperature of the land floor edifice to accomplish an optimal chilling consequence into the edifice. 4.5 Overhang Roof Overhang roof is the most simple and most obvious engineerings for salvaging energy to maintaining the edifice environing cool in the summer. Overhang Roof is portion of roof that extends beyond the walls. It functions as a roof shadowing to protect the facade of the edifice been maximal expose to the solar radiation. Larger overhang roof will be occurred in the E and west edifice facade while the North and south facade decorated with smaller overhang due to the place of the Sun rise and Sun set. 4.6 Shadowing by tree and Vegetation Planting a batch of trees on our environing country is the most good because seting can do our environment beauty and nicer, provided shadowing to our environment which can cut down the sum of sunlight perforating into our edifice, better the environing air quality which can assist to filtrate the harmful air and supply O to do our environing fresh. In Belum Rainforest, trees was been planted in the surrounding of the edifice. The plantation make the environing looks really aesthetic and full of poetic feeling when walking through under the trees. Most significantly, those plantation plays an of import function to protect the edifice been extremely exposed to the sunshine. It acts as a shading of the edifice to take down the temperature of the edifice and the land temperature and besides can be used to filtrate the chilling zephyr and strong air currents.Sustainable stuffs helps to accomplish the chilling consequence in the edificeChoice of environmental friendly building stuffs is o ne of the indispensable design schemes in order to construct a sustainable edifice, add-on to accomplish a standard chilling consequence in a edifice. Green edifice stuffs have lightened the footmark of any building undertaking as they have lower energy ingestion comparison to others non-sustainable stuffs. Green edifice stuffs include bamboo, wood, stones or rocks and sand which can be found of course on Earth, and besides the usage of recycled stuffs, for case, bottles, bricks, steel and the similar. These green and harmless edifice stuffs are non-toxic, reclaimable, and able to renew and hold a extremely lasting. Bamboos, wood, which are both the bing stuffs on the Belum Rainforest Resort are been used as a wall, shadowing or barrier. The ground why bamboo and wood been chosen to utilize for the edifice stuff because the energy embedded in their transit can be minimize and extracted and manufactured locally the edifice stuffs to the edifice site. In Belum Rainforest Resort, bamboo is been used as a wall, barrier and shading. The agreement of the bamboo as a barrier or shadowing giving a high efficiency allowed the outside airing swimmingly flow into the edifice and by the same clip the sunshine can somewhat perforating into the edifice. for illustration, in the old wing resort, every individual window from the resort is been shaded with row of bamboo. It brings the advantages to the edifice which the energy ingestion on the edifice could be reduced. In add-on, bamboo is one of the edifice stuffs which is low heat absorbent. To do the edifice more sustainable and experiencing comfy with a low temperature, all the ceiling of the edifice are been decorated with bamboo. The ornament of bamboo as a edifice stuffs is sustainable, high efficiency and besides really aesthetics. Furthermore, wood besides act as one of the sustainable edifice stuffs on the site. Using wood as edifice stuffs can easy cut down the heat addition inside the edifice because of the thinnest of light colour of the stuffs. For case, the Kampung House in Belum Rainforest Resort have a really high thermic efficiency because the edifice was built with wood wall, wood flooring and roof. Therefore, this sustainable stuffs make a really high chilling consequence in the edifice. What is the similarity and differences of inactive design in the old wing resort ( phase 1 ) and new flying resort ( phase 2 ) in Belum Rainforest Resort? The old wing resort which is phase 1 in Belum Rainforest Resort is design base on common architecture manner while the new wing resort which is Phase 2 is more modernism architecture manner. In comparative both resort which is phase 1 and phase 2, the inactive design strategic of stage 1 edifice would be more efficiency so the stage 2 edifice. First of wholly, the differences of both stage is the edifice stuffs. The envelope edifice in stage 1 most of all is built with wood and bamboo while the envelope edifice in stage 2 is all built with concrete and rage Earth. Old flying resort do good execute in inactive design comparison to the new wing resort base on the differences of their edifice gap. In the old edifice, there is more opening. There are row of bamboo act as a window shading in every individual resort room. The ornament make the facade looks aesthetic and besides lower down the energy ingestion of the edifice because of the window shadowing which can let a good airing flow i nto the edifice and somewhat incursion of sunshine into the edifice. For the new wing, there is less outside airing can be flow inside the edifice because of the enclosed concrete wall and less fenestration. Other than that, the temperature of old wing edifice would be more ice chest than the new wing edifice. The ground is the old wing edifice was surrounded with a batch of flora plantation comparison to the new wing resort which is missing of flora on the surrounding. As a decision, Belum Rainforest Resort has to the full adopted common attack as a inactive design scheme to accomplish ideal chilling effects for the comfort of the residents in the edifice. Natural chilling attack gives advantages to human and besides our environing environment. Orientation of edifice, flora as shadowing device, uses of natural edifice stuffs, more gaps confronting north and south way, elevate the edifice, circulation of air flow and the blending of edifice with topography were taken into considerations when the designer is planing and building the Belum Rainforest Resort. The installing of these inactive chilling devices in Belum Rainforest Resort are non merely helps to continue the site to the minimal detrimental degree, it besides helps to better our environing air quality as deforestation is non needed, trees absorbs C dioxide and release O to assist to clean the air. These inactive chilling methods besides helps to salvage more energy as they have replaced those mechanical chilling devices which consume big sum of energy. Therefore, lesser emanation of nursery gasses. Greenhouse effects can be prevented as no harmful gasses are being released, earth surface temperature can be maintained, and human wellness will be improved. Last but non least, inactive chilling attacks are required for every designers when planning, planing and building a edifice in order to make a cleaner and uncontaminated ambiance for our hereafter.

Rural Poverty in Indonesia

Rural Poverty in Indonesia Introduction In spite of the recent occurrence of global economic recession, the economy of Indonesia has been going on growing at a steady rate, making the country to be classified among the middle-class countries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rural Poverty in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to Indonesia realizing constant economic growth, there has been a steady decrease in the overall poverty level in the country: the level has dropped from 17%, witnessed in the year 2004, to about 12.5% in the year 2011 (IFAD 1). However, even if Indonesia has realized a reduction in the overall poverty level, the poor people, especially those living in the rural areas in this country, are currently worse off and the gap between the wealthy people and the poor is getting wider and wider (IFAD 1). In this paper, I am going to support my viewpoint that; despite Indonesia realizing substantial economic gro wth, rural poverty in the country remains to be a big problem that needs to be addressed with urgent need. The conclusion section of the paper will present a summary of discussion. Rural Poverty in Indonesia Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja point out the idea that Indonesia’s power to bring down the level of poverty became stronger after the occurrence of the Asian financial crisis (Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja 20). However, they also offer an explanation that there is a slower rate of poverty reduction among the rural poor (Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja 20). They point out that the growth of Indonesia’s economy does not benefit individuals who need to be greatly attended to (Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja 20). As on one hand a larger number of people living in poverty are found in the rural areas, on the other hand, there exists â€Å"a division in which the pace of poverty reduction slows down in rural areas and speeds up in urban areas after the crisis† (Suryahadi and Hadiwidja ja 20). Moreover, these researchers observe that, the contribution made by the â€Å"urban services sector growth†, which is found to be very much effectual in poverty reduction, reduced for the rural regions after the occurrence of the Asian financial crisis (Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja 20).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following this, the impact of the â€Å"urban services sector† is not currently felt in the rural areas in the same way it used to be before the occurrence of the Asian financial crisis. As a result, it is not a big surprise that the overall rate of reduction of poverty level in Indonesia decreases (Suryahadi and Hadiwidjaja 20). Approximately fifty percent of the Indonesian population lives only slightly above the poverty line (IFAD 1). This population that is near to poverty is prone to such unfavorable conditions as incre ases in the food prices, poor health, natural calamities among other factors, which can easily take them back to poverty (Hasan, Rana and Quibria 261). In spite of the country taking appropriate measures, in the recent times, to bring improvements in the health as well as education sectors, the quality of health care and public services cannot measure up to the same standards as those of other middle-income nations but remains behind (Loayza and Raddatz 141). It is also reported that high levels of undernourishment among the young kids, higher levels of deaths among mothers, lack of clean drinking water and poor quality of education for children, are found to be the most common problems affecting the poor people living in rural areas in Indonesia (IFAD 1). An example of a fluctuation in food prices causing an increase in the poverty levels among the near-poor people can be given of a situation that occurred during the years 2005 and 2006. During that time, the Indonesian government banned imports and this led to an increase in domestic rice price (Suryahadi, Hadiwidjaja and Sumarto 7). This was considered by a number of researchers as being among the main causes of the increase in the poverty levels (McCulloch 45; Warr 14; World Bank 1). It is pointed out that, even if there was introducing of â€Å"the UCT and an expansion of Raskin benefits around the same time, near poor households were unable to cope with the rising price of their single most important consumption good† (Suryahadi, Hadiwidjaja and Sumarto 7). About 70% of the total number of the people in Indonesia lives in the rural areas and their major source of income is farming (IFAD 1). Research shows that poverty in these rural areas is on the increase and it has been reported that about 16.5% of the people in the rural areas live in poverty as compared to about 9.9% of those who live in urban areas (IFAD 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rural Poverty in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wetterberg, Sumarto and Pritchett point out that in Indonesia, the difference in the rates of poverty in the urban and rural areas always stands at above 6%, apart from the case of the year 1998, in the course of the Asian financial crisis which adversely affected the people living in the urban centers more than those living in the rural areas (Wetterberg, Sumarto and Pritchett 145). A very large number of small-scale farmers are not able to capitalize on the available opportunities that economic growth offers (IFAD 1). The farmers are mostly not in a position to have access to the financial and agricultural extension services and they also do not have good and reliable markets for their farm products (IFAD 1). Moreover, production of food by the rural population greatly puts focus on satisfying the subsistence needs (de Janvry and Sadoulet 13). Even if this country engages in the production of the crops that have a high market value such coffee, cloves and cocoa among others, the government has not invested much in the processing, marketing and management systems which are required in the expansion of production and â€Å"take full advantage of this demand† (de Janvry and Sadoulet 13). Poverty in Indonesia is more prevalent in the isolated eastern islands than other areas and in this region, about 95% of the people in the rural areas live in poverty (IFAD 1). In most parts of this region, people engage in subsistence farming. The native people that have always been marginalized and have not been able to benefit from the development programs put in place by the government are in these areas. The areas in the coastal region have been environmentally degraded and the villages can only be accessed with much difficulty. People living in these areas find that the only way they can overcome the problem of poverty is to migrate to the urban areas (IFAD 1). Some research findin gs have shown that migration to urban areas from the rural areas plays a big role in poverty reduction.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Abuzar Asra, following his research on poverty levels among the people who live in urban areas and rural areas, found out that in the period between 1987 and 1996, there was significant decline in poverty levels as a result of rural to urban migration in Indonesia (Asra 1). Moreover, the women, especially those living in rural areas in Indonesia, are very susceptible to poverty. They have limited access to quality education, receive less pay as compared to men and they are often discriminated against in their communities as well as their households and may be excluded in decision making (Miranti 80). Conclusion The argument in this paper has been that: despite Indonesia realizing substantial economic growth, rural poverty in the country remains to be a big problem that needs to be addressed with urgent need. It has been found out that the country became even stronger in working towards bringing down the level of poverty after the recent Asian financial crisis. However, poverty reduction has been found to be slower in the rural population than in the urban one. Over 70% of Indonesians live in rural areas and basically depend on agriculture for their livelihood. But there is no adequate government support for agricultural production and marketing and the people who live in the rural areas mainly focus on subsistence farming. In addition, women and people living in remote areas have been marginalized and discriminated against and they do not have sufficient access to the government services. Moreover, the people in rural areas in Indonesia are also vulnerable to some unfavorable conditions such as changing food prices and poor health conditions among others. Such conditions may not make it possible for these people to evade poverty completely. It is important that the Indonesian government take necessary measures to ensure all its people receive equal benefits from the economic growth that is being realized by the country. Asra, Abuzar. Urban-rural differences in costs of living and their impact on poverty measures. n.d. Web. de Janvry, Alain and Sadoulet Elisabeth. â€Å"Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction: Additional Evidence.† World Bank Research Observer 9.25 (2009): 1-20. Print. Hasan, Rana and Quibria George. â€Å"Industry Matters for Poverty: A Critique of Agricultural Fundamentalism.† Kyklos, 57.2 (2004): 253-64. Print. IFAD. Rural poverty in Indonesia, 2012. Web. Loayza, Norman and Raddatz Claudio. â€Å"The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation.† Journal of Development Economics 93.1 (2010): 137-151. Print. McCulloch, Neil. â€Å"Rice prices and poverty in Indonesia.† Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 44.1(2008): 45-63. Print. Miranti, Riyana. â€Å"Poverty in Indonesia 1984-2002: The Impact of Growth and Changes in Inequality.† Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 46.1 (2010): 79-97. Print. Suryahadi, Asep and Hadiwidjaja Gracia 2011, The role of ag riculture in poverty a Poverty, food prices and economic growth in Southeast Asian perspective. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011. Print. Wetterberg, Anna, Sumarto Sudarno and Pritchett Lant. â€Å"A national snapshot of the social impact of Indonesia’s.† Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 35.3(1999): 145-152. Print. World Bank. Managing through a global downturn: East Asia Update. Washington DC: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region, 2006. Print.

Free Essays on Huck Finn

Many people think that Huckleberry Finn is a racist novel and they have even gone as far as banning the novel from certain schools. They base this view on the fact that the word â€Å"nigger† is used very often and they see the black people being portrayed in a degrading way to show that they are inferior to the white society. Contrary to this idea, Huckleberry Finn is not a racist novel. Mark Twain actually attacks racism by satirizing the lifestyle of the white people and shows that they have no reason at all to think that they are better than the blacks. This satirizing of the white people is effectively seen in the portrayal of the king and the duke. Mark Twain starts to mock the king and the duke as soon as they are first introduced in the novel. Their appearance gives a negative impression right from the start. The king is described as having, â€Å"an old battered-up slouch hat on, and a greasy blue woolen shirt,† and he’s wearing, â€Å"ragged old blue jeans britches stuffed into his boot tops.†(Pg. 121) The duke is described as much the same. This first impression makes us feel as if these men are scum and we don’t have a very good perception of them. The second thing that these men do also is used to mock society in two ways. The first man (the duke) makes up a story that he was actually the Duke of Bridgewater. He said that he was the son of the infant duke that was ignored to take over a position. Not to be outdone, the second man (the king) makes up a story that he was actually the rightful King of France. Mark Twain uses Huck Finn to show what he thinks of these two men. â€Å"It didnâ€℠¢t take me to long to make up my mind that these liars warn’t no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds.†(Pg.125) These men are putting up a false front just like society does and Mark Twain shows through Huck that he can see right through this false front. The second thing that is mocked is the fact that these peop... Free Essays on Huck Finn Free Essays on Huck Finn The Adventures of Hucklebery Finn has many recognizable features which have helped sustain its reputation as a classic over the years, and among one of the most important of these features is the Mississippi river. It carries Huck and Jim upon a winding path through a series of adventures. The river provides symbolization for many important aspects integral to the novel's theme. These aspects include the journey to freedom and subsequent struggle for freedom and Huck’s morals, attitudes, and irrepressible nature. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is constructed around the 2,350 mile long Mississippi River. Huckleberry Finn, a misunderstood outcast from society, is unhappy with his new life of morality and cleanliness since being adopted by Widow Douglas. In conjunction with that, his drunken bum of a father reappears into his life, subsequently gains custody of him, kidnaps him and beats him. This begins the struggle of Huck’s journey to freedom. He realizes that the river is the ultimate symbol of and tool to his independence and a better life. Huck has never been good at answering to anyone but himself; the river allows for him to be completely responsible for nothing and no one. He fakes his own death and escapes, where he meets a runaway slave named Jim. Huck knows that the baggage of being responsible for another person during his excursion, particularly a runaway slave, is dangerous and cumbersome, but takes him a long anyway because he is a good person at hear t. So, â€Å"The two set off together on a raft down the Mississippi, intending to turn up the Ohio River to freedom† () The Mississippi was such a widely used river that being surreptitious was imperative to the success of the journey-they could only travel at night in fear of somebody seeing the runaway Jim, which posed time and location constraints on the two fugitives. () â€Å"... described how the idea of freedom germinated† Huck Finn, having ... Free Essays on Huck Finn Tom Sawyer Adventures The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is concerned with the escapades of a young boy living in a Mississippi River town during a summer in the 1840s. Tom lives with his Aunt Polly, his dead mother’s sister, along with his half-brother, Sid, and his cousin, Mary. By the second chapter, Tom’s mischievous character is revealed with the well-known fence whitewashing scene. Tom meets the new girl in town, Becky Thatcher, and falls in love with her. He begins an intense flirtation with her at school, which leads to his asking her to be â€Å"engaged† with him by lunchtime of her first day. Tom’s vagabond friend, Huck Finn, the town drunk’s son, asks Tom to meet him at the cemetery at midnight, to test the wart-curing properties of his dead cat. While there, the boys stumble upon the murder of Dr. Robinson by Injun Joe during a grave-robbing attempt. Muff Potter also part of the gang, is pinned with the crime by Injun Joe. Tom and Huck, however, are the only ones who know the truth. Tom, Huck, and another friend, Joe Harper, decide to run away from St. Petersburg to Jackson’s Island, in the middle of the Mississippi. There they live the life of pirates, frolicking day and night. After several days, the town prepares funeral services for the boys, by the time being convinced of their death. The boys dramatically return to town in the middle of the Sunday church services, and they are forgiven for their mischief. As the murder trial of Muff Potter gets underway, Tom is racked by guilt over allowing a man he knows to be innocent to be convicted. On the final day of the trial, Tom is called as a surprise witness, and he proceeds to finger Injun Joe with the crime, who springs out of the window and escapes. Tom and Huck stumble upon Injun Joe and a stranger at a deserted house on the outskirts of town, and learn of a stash of gold Joe is carrying.... Free Essays on Huck Finn ‘Should High School Students Read It?’ ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ is a classic novel ad should definitely be read by high school students. The fact that the novel includes racism and vulgarity makes the book even more interesting. The racism wouldn‘t offend anyone assuming that they are educated, that they know that it was purposely written that way, and that times have changed since the setting of the story took place. Themes and Twain’s view of society also add to the great appraisal that I give this book for high school students. The one part of the book I don’t agree with is the authors view of American society. When high-class people are described in the book, they are seen as proper, educated, well-mannered, charitable, frugal, well-invested people, yet they are cruel, racist, cussing, gambling, alcoholic, violent people that want everything for themselves. Such is the example of the Grangerfords and the Sheperdsons. I believe that this view is skewed and somewhat of a development from Mark Twain’s personal childhood memories. I do admit that some people I know do have some of these traits, but not to such an extreme level, most people are well-rounded, they have their goods and bads. There are four main themes to the book, and they all tie together to help form the plot of the book. Here’s my understanding of it: Huck and Jim both want freedom from certain things; while searching for freedom, Huck and Jim must battle loneliness together; and Huck experiences rebirth, (he becomes a new, pure person), as he makes his individual vs. society battle, which is always having to decide between the right, moral, human, logical, pure decision, and the merciless decision that abides with society. There was no easy way to say all of that, which is another reason to read the book as a high school student. The book is a deep, twisting, beast-of-a-novel, and yet, it is humorous, interesting, and under... Free Essays on Huck Finn Huckleberry Finn, the main character, learns he must grow up fast if he wants to survive life. Huck Finn has a drunkard as a father, a hogshead as a home, and a mother of which he never knew. He is a congenital liar, a thief, and someone who has no respect for the rules of society. He will use every technicality to get off with doing something completely wrong, but is ok by him. Huck is not all evil as one would think by this introduction. He in fact believes in personal freedom, something that he never really has had. Jim, a slave to Huck, also has to deal with many problems of society. The greatest one in fact is the fact that he is a slave. Jim is a very modest person; he will sacrifice anything to help his fellow man. Huck sees this and begins to think of Jim as a human being also, and will â€Å"go to hell † for Jim. Although Jim is a slave, he does not think of people based on their skin color, but in fact believes that everyone is equal regardless of skin, and even age. One may ever say that Jim is Huck’s true father. Both Jim and Huck have experienced life at a tedious level. They have their highs and lows, but mainly life is not all it is cracked up to be. For Huck, he must experience having a horrendous father who beats Huck to a pulp any time he is sober. And for Jim, the fact that his family is not considered human by society but rather chattel that can be bought sold or even traded at the slightest whim. Together Huck and Jim must work together to escape the society which has allowed them to live the vile life they had, and move to a place where society will let them start a brand new life. When Pap, was not around, Huck felt better about himself. He enjoyed life a little more, did not have to worry about coming home on time, only to get beat up by his own pap. He kept Huck with him all the time, and he never got a chance to run off. After Huck was kidnapped, life was worse than he ever expected. H... Free Essays on Huck Finn The difference between life on the river and life in the towns along the river is an important theme in the novel ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ by Mark Twain. Twain uses language to draw the contrast effectively as well as through the atmosphere that has been created, the diction, the punctuation and the figures of speech employed. The two paragraphs, which most effectively display this contrast, refer to the peaceful life on the river and the vile nature of the streets and lanes of a town. In the fist paragraph Huck describes in mostly monosyllabic and colloquial expressions how pleasant life on the river is. At the beginning of the passage Huck uses the image of swimming peacefully to describe how the time passes, ‘you might say they swum by, they slid along so quite smooth and lovely. The alliteration of swum, slid and smooth helps to formulate a mental semblance of the swift and steady motion of the river and like the rivers flowing the words also seem to easily flow. This image is appropriate as it directly relates to the motion of the river on which they are travelling. ‘Here is the way we put in the time.’ Presents Huck’s idyllic life on the river is as routine. The words ‘then’ and ‘next’ are repeated several times in the first half of the passage, their function and effect is ensure that the passage flows, much like the river, in a slow and constant sequential manner. A sense of relaxed movement is conveyed and emphasised by diction and alliteration throughout the passage ‘then a pale place in the sky; then more paleness’. The use of onomatopoeia ‘swift’ allows the passage to progress in the same continuous and serene motion as the river. The words and phrases ‘nice breeze springs up’ and ‘smiling in the sun’ particularly emphasise the freshness of the scene. Huck’s use of personification ‘everything smiling in the sun’ depicts the contentment that everything arou... Free Essays on Huck Finn Many people think that Huckleberry Finn is a racist novel and they have even gone as far as banning the novel from certain schools. They base this view on the fact that the word â€Å"nigger† is used very often and they see the black people being portrayed in a degrading way to show that they are inferior to the white society. Contrary to this idea, Huckleberry Finn is not a racist novel. Mark Twain actually attacks racism by satirizing the lifestyle of the white people and shows that they have no reason at all to think that they are better than the blacks. This satirizing of the white people is effectively seen in the portrayal of the king and the duke. Mark Twain starts to mock the king and the duke as soon as they are first introduced in the novel. Their appearance gives a negative impression right from the start. The king is described as having, â€Å"an old battered-up slouch hat on, and a greasy blue woolen shirt,† and he’s wearing, â€Å"ragged old blue jeans britches stuffed into his boot tops.†(Pg. 121) The duke is described as much the same. This first impression makes us feel as if these men are scum and we don’t have a very good perception of them. The second thing that these men do also is used to mock society in two ways. The first man (the duke) makes up a story that he was actually the Duke of Bridgewater. He said that he was the son of the infant duke that was ignored to take over a position. Not to be outdone, the second man (the king) makes up a story that he was actually the rightful King of France. Mark Twain uses Huck Finn to show what he thinks of these two men. â€Å"It didnâ€℠¢t take me to long to make up my mind that these liars warn’t no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds.†(Pg.125) These men are putting up a false front just like society does and Mark Twain shows through Huck that he can see right through this false front. The second thing that is mocked is the fact that these peop... Free Essays on Huck Finn Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the greatest, most daring novels in the world. Mark Twain’s style helps to realistically portray early America. Mark Twain tells the story through the voice of Huck, the very kindhearted main character. Everything that Huck says reflects the racism and black stereotypes typical of the era. This has lead to many conflicts from readers since the novel was first printed. However, the story has inspired some. James W. Tuttleton says in an article he wrote that â€Å"Huck Finn is regularly denounced as racist trash† (The San Francisco Chronicle [1885] 6) . Yet, again to oppose that is a quote by a reader, â€Å"Anyone who is offended by this book is obviously ignorant of the true purpose of this book (which does not show slavery to be right, I might add) and perhaps should find out a little more about it than what OTHERS have told them.† (Soapbox [Shumway.2000] ). The author does use the word ‘nigger’ a l ot, he says it to the slave Jim and also to any other blacks that he sees as insulting or of poor standard. Huckleberry Finn still stands as a powerful representation of experience through the brand new eyes of an innocent boy. The only way Huck knows to treat the African American culture is the way he was taught and raised. This is how he treats the African Americans in the story. Twain’s literary style in capturing the novel, Huck’s casual attitude and truthful position, and Jim’s absolute acceptance of the oppression by the names all signify this. Twain uses southern dialect but he does not blatantly degrade the Negro society. If the author wished-for the story to be racist, he would not write about the way Huck felt towards Jim. â€Å"He [Twain] tried to evince the beauty of Huck and Jim's friendship by sealing it in flawed and humble English.† ( Race Traitor [D’Andrea 1992]). It is seen some throughout the book that Huck sees Jim as a white man. Huc... Free Essays on Huck Finn Superstitions in Huckleberry Finn In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a lot of superstition. Some examples of superstition in the novel are Huck killing a spider which is bad luck, the hair-ball used to tell fortunes, and the rattle-snake skin Huck touches that brings Huck and Jim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important role in the novel Huck Finn. In Chapter one Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went into the flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it was already shriveled up. Huck didn't need anyone to tell him that it was an bad sign and would give him bad luck. Huck got scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracks three times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. "You do that when you've lost a horseshoe that you've found, instead of nailing it up over the door, but I hadn't ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luck when you'd killed a spider."(Twain 5). In chapter four Huck sees Pap's footprints in the snow. So Huck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets a hair-ball that is the size of a fist that he took from an ox's stomach. Jim asks the hair-ball; Why is Pap here? But the hair-ball won't answer. Jim says it needs money, so Huck gives Jim a counterfeit quarter. Jim puts the quarter under the hair-ball. The hair-ball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says. "Yo'ole father doan' know yit what he's a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec he'll go 'way, en den ag'in he spec he'll stay. De bes' way is tores' easy en let de ole man take his own way. Dey's two angles hoverin' roun' 'bout him. One uv'em is white en shiny, en t'other one is black. De white one gits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A bo...

What Is the PSAT Test Everything You Need to Know

What Is the PSAT Test Everything You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most students know what the SAT is,but what is the PSAT? Sure, it's got"SAT" in its name, but is the PSAT actually connected to the SAT? More importantly, how does the PSAT test work and what is its purpose? In this article,we’ll answer your most pressingquestion: what is thePSAT test?We'll start by explaining the meaning of PSAT and whystudents typically elect to take it. We'll then go over the logistics of the test and how PSAT scoring works. Finally, we'll finish with a brief discussion about how important PSAT scores actually are for students. What Is the PSAT? How Is It Connected to the SAT? To start, what is the PSAT test? Cosponsored by the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC), the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (NMSQT)- often shortened to PSAT- is a standardized testtargeting 10th and 11th graders in the US. Every year, approximately3.5 million students take the PSAT test at various high schools. But why take it at all? As it stands, the PSAT is heavily connected to the SAT.One of the test's primary purposes is to act as a precursor to the SAT- as the name suggests, as an SAT practice test. Thus, thePSAT and SAT heavilymirror each other in regard tocontent, structure, and even scoring. But the two tests aren't identical. Here are some majordifferences between the PSAT and SAT: The SAT hasan optional Essay section, whereas the PSAT does not The PSAT is slightly easier than the SAT There are fewer questions on the PSAT than there are on the SAT Now, let's jump back to the"NMSQT" part of the full PSAT name. In addition to being a preparatory test for the SAT, the PSAT is a qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship Program. In other words, PSAT scores determine students' eligibility for National Merit scholarships.Each year the top 1% of 11th-grade PSAT takers becomeSemifinalists. Of these, about 7,500 go on to win scholarship money. Finally, what about the PSAT 10 and PSAT 8/9? The main purpose of these two tests is to prepare students for the PSAT/NMSQT and eventually the SAT. Nearly identical to the PSAT/NMSQT, the PSAT 10 is only offered in the spring and is specifically geared toward 10th graders. As a result,the PSAT 10 is slightly easier than the PSAT/NMSQT. Additionally, because only 10th graders can take the PSAT 10, this test cannotqualify you for National Merit. The PSAT 8/9, on the other hand, targets even younger folks- you guessed it: 8th and 9th graders- and is administeredin the fall and spring. Unlike both the PSAT 10 and PSAT/NMSQT, the PSAT 8/9 uses a different scoring scale and is both shorter and easier than the PSAT 10. Why Do Students Take the PSAT? 10th and 11th graders take the PSAT primarily forthe following three reasons: To practice for the SAT:One of the most common reasons students, especially juniors, take the PSAT is to get familiar with the layout and content of the SAT, which is often required for college admission. The PSAT provides students with the opportunity to get a feel for the SAT, and helps them identify potential strengths and weaknesses. To secure a National Merit distinction or scholarship:The other major reason students take the PSAT is to try to win a National Merit scholarship. Each year about 1.6 million juniors enter the National Merit competition viathe PSAT. Of these test takers 16,000 will become Semifinalists, and of these Semifinalists 15,000 will become Finalists. In the end,7,500 entrants will each win a $2,500 scholarship along with the (extremely prestigious) distinction of National Merit Scholar. To prepare for a second attempt at the PSAT (if taking it as a sophomore): The final reason students take the PSAT is to practice for the PSAT as sophomores before taking it again as juniors. Although sophomores aren’t eligible for National Merit,taking the PSAT earlycanincrease your shot at getting a high PSAT score- and a coveted National Merit scholarship- later on. One thing should be noted, though: at some high schools, the PSAT is mandatory for certain grade levels or groups of students. This means that some studentswill take the PSAT simply because they have to. Even if the test is required by your school, your PSAT score will never affect your GPA or your chance of getting into college. Bonus: Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: Where and When Is the PSAT? Unlike the SAT, you do notget to choose your test center; rather, you register for and take the PSAT test at your own high school (or a nearbyschool, should your school not offer it). If you’re uncertain whether your school will be administering the PSAT, or if you'd like to look for a list of schools in your area that will be administering it, use the College Board’s school search tool. Sowhen can you take the PSAT? The PSAT is administered every autumn, usually starting in early or mid-October, on three dates: A primary date A Saturday date An alternate date Again, you donot get to choose when you take the test. Instead, your school will decide on which date it will administer the PSAT. By far the vast majority of schools hold the PSATon the primary date. To confirmyour school's PSAT test date, consult your counselor. Here is the anticipated 2019 official PSAT testing schedule: Primary Date Saturday Date Alternate Date Wednesday, October 16, 2019 Saturday, October 19, 2019 Wednesday, October 30, 2019 Source: The College Board How Much Does the PSAT Cost? The PSAT costs $16, butthis price varies depending on the school. Some schools might cover all or part of this fee, making the test free for students, whereas others might require students to pay more so asto compensate for the hiring of test proctors. Your school (or the school at which you're taking the PSAT test) should give youinstructions on how to pay for the testand by when you'll need to submit your payment. Most schools request PSAT payments from students by around September. Note that you will neverneed to pay the College Board directly (that’s theschool’s job!). If you can’t afford the test fee, you might be eligible for a PSAT fee waiver. Feewaivers are typically available to low-income 11th graders only. To see whether you qualify for a waiver, consult your counselor. Only schools- not students- can request fee waivers from the College Board. What Does the PSAT Cover? The PSAT, which underwent a redesign in 2015 to accompany the 2016 SAT redesign, is extremely similar to the SAT in bothform and content. There are three sections on the PSAT: Reading, Writing and Language (hereafter "Writing"), and Math. (AsI mentioned, there's no optional Essay section on the PSAT.)Each section appears only once on the PSAT in a predetermined order: (1) Reading, (2) Writing, and (3) Math. Similar to theSAT, the PSAT Math section consists of two subsections: a No Calculator subsection on which you may not use a calculator, and a Calculator subsection on which you may use a (pre-approved) calculator. Most questions on the PSAT are multiple choice. The only exceptions are the Math section's grid-in questions. For these questions, you must come up with and write in your own answers. According to the College Board, 17% of PSAT Math, oreight questions, are grid-ins. Belowis the general breakdown of the PSAT. You can see when eachsection appears on the test, how much time you’ll havefor each section, and how many questions there are.Foran even better idea of what’ll be on the PSAT, I suggest looking atanofficial PSAT practice test. PSAT Section Order on Test Time Allotted # of Questions Reading 1 60 mins 47 Writing and Language 2 35 mins 44 Math No Calculator 3 25 mins 17 Math Calculator 4 45 mins 31 How Is the PSAT Scored? The total PSAT score range is 320-1520 in 10-point increments.This score consists of your Math score and your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score, both of which are scored on a scale of160-760.(EBRW is a combination of the Reading and Writing sections.) These two section scores are actually your scaled, or equated, scores.Buthow do you getthese scores? On the PSAT, you start off with three raw scores, one each for Reading, Writing, and Math.A raw score is equal tothe number of questions you answered correctly. You do not lose any points for incorrect answers! Your raw scores for each section are then converted into test scores on a scale of 8-38through a special equating process described in our guide to PSAT scoring. It should also be noted here that thesetest scores, when combined and multiplied by 2, give you yourSelection Index score, which the NMSC uses to determine eligibility for the National Merit competition. Your Math test score is multiplied by 20 to give you a scaled Math score out of 760. Similarly, your Reading and Writing scores are combined and multiplied by 10 to give you a single scaled EBRW score (also out of 760). In addition to section scores, you’ll be givensubscores and cross-test scores. These scores are the same as those on the SAT and indicate your mastery of specific skills. Subscores have a score range of1-15,whereas cross-test scores have a score range of8-38. Here is a list of the sevensubscores on the PSAT test: EBRW Command of Evidence Words in Context Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions Math Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math And here are the twocross-test scores on the PSAT: Analysis in History/Social Studies Analysis in Science At present,the average PSAT score is 1014 for 11th graders and 934 for 10th graders. A good PSAT score for you, though, will depend on what your PSAT goals are. If youhope to qualify for National Merit, you’ll need a score thatplaces you in the top 1% of test takers foryour state. A good PSAT score could also be any score in the75th percentile or higher, or simply any score similartowhat you'll need on the SAT to get into the colleges you're planning on applying to. But in the end, does your PSAT score really mean anything? Does Your PSAT Score Actually Matter? The truth is that your PSAT score is far less important than your SAT (or ACT) score is. This is mainly because the PSAT isn't used for college admissions. Moreover, your PSAT score has no effect on your GPA, so if you really don’t want to take the test, you don't actually need to (unless it’s mandatory at your school). The only major function of PSAT scores is to win scholarship money and the honor of National Merit Scholar. But unless you’re actively aiming for National Merit status, your PSAT score isn't actually that important. Nevertheless, if you’re hoping to eventually secure a high SAT score, approaching the PSAT with diligence will be critical for your success. Why? You see, PSAT scores directly translate into SAT scores.So a 1400 on the PSAT equals a 1400 on the SAT, a 900 equals a 900, and so on. In short, your PSAT score acts as a predictor of your SAT score. Of course, your PSAT score doesn’t take into account any additional time you’ll spend studying for the SAT, so it's not likely going to be 100% accurate. But whatyour PSAT score does offer is a clear idea as towhere you’re currently scoring and how much of an improvement you’ll need to make in order to hityour SAT goal score. Simply put,you can use yourPSAT score as your baseline SAT score,making it a fairly useful (and thusimportant) score to know. Summary: What Is the PSAT? Is It Important? The PSAT/NMSQT, or PSAT, is a practice test for the SAT that's offered every fall for10th and 11th graders. Italso serves as a qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship Program, which awards $2,500 scholarships annually to high-scoring 11th graders. You must register for thePSAT test at your own school (or a nearby school) and take it on the test date chosenby your school. The testfee is $16, but this cost varies depending on the school. Fee waivers are usuallyavailable to low-income juniors. The overall structure and content of the PSAT is similar to that of the SAT.There are three sections (Reading, Writing, and Math) that combine to give you a score between 320 and 1520. PSAT scores directly correspond toSAT scores,meaning a score on the PSAT will always equalthe same score on the SAT. Ultimately, how important your PSAT score is depends on what you planto do with it.If you want toqualify for National Meritor eventually get a high SAT score, it's critical that you get a good PSAT score. But if not, your PSAT score won't hold much significance for you or anyone else. In any case,your PSAT score will always be far less important than your SAT (or ACT) score will be! What’s Next? Want to learn more about thePSAT?Check out our expert guide to the PSATfor an extensive overview of everything you'll need to know about the test and what's on it. Confused about PSAT scores?Our in-depth analysis of the PSAT score rangetakes aclose look athow the PSAT is scored andexplains howyou can usethis knowledge to your advantage. Readyto register for the PSAT?Follow our step-by-step guide to learn how the PSAT registration process works as well as how it differs from theSAT registrationprocess. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Torism, rituals and food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Torism, rituals and food - Essay Example Tourism is mostly positively related to rituals. Wherever there is a ritual, there are likely to be tourists. This is because rituals give tourists exactly what they are looking for – a deep cultural experience.. Nevertheless, not all travel has such profound meaning. If the travel and the on-site experience is largely activity orientated, it could be the case that there is no chance for Arnold van Gennep’s sacred ‘away-ness’ of those who travel from home. The typical package holiday could be an excellent example of a trip with limited, or no overt symbolic meaning (Burns, 1999). Food is life†, says Robert Poor (2001). This adage came to life when I visited Delhi, a colorful city in the middle of an even colorful country, India. In this essay, I will talk about the ritual of Eid-ul-Adha, a ritual celebrated by Muslims for its religious values. The central, most remarkable attraction of Bari Eid (or the Big Eid) is food. The central, most remarkable pu rpose of it is to give away, share and sacrifice. Therefore, to see how Muslims sacrifice animals and give them away is what attracts tourism in Islamic countries at that time of the year. Ritual. What is a ritual? David Floyd defines it as a patterned, repetitive, and symbolic enactment of a cultural belief or value; its primary purpose is transformation (Grimes, 2002). Why do people perform these repetitive, almost ceremonial acts? People perform them because tradition prescribes it. ... Philosophy without religion becomes meaningless. Religion without rituals becomes insipid. The rituals of a religion, like the husk of a seed, preserve its life and make it germinate. It is only when the rituals are separated from the faith and assumes an independent existence that they become mechanical and lifeless. (Understanding Hinduism) Eid-ul-Adha Muslims celebrate two Eids annually; Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha. The first one follows the month of Ramadan, when Muslims fast. The second one marks the end of the Pilgrimage to Mecca and is celebrated in the month of Zilhajj, an Islamic month that follows the lunar calendar. On this Eid, an animal in sacrificed in the honor of Abraham's sacrifice of his son. The essential significance of this festival is the spirit of sacrifice (qurbani) in memory of Abraham's great act of faith many centuries ago. (Gilchrist, 2001) The day starts off with a prayer that is scheduled for early morning. The men go to mosques while the women stay home and thank their Lord for all he has given along with the ability to sacrifice. After the prayer, the process of Qurbani or sacrifice starts. People buy domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cows and even camels a few days before the big day. They feed them and take care of them. On Eid, they sacrifice them. This process continues throughout the day and night for some people but for me, the goat was set to be halaaled just before 10:00 am.After the sacrifice, the meat is distributed amongst friends and the needy. People cook this meat in a variety of ways and invite friends and family over to share the occasion. By afternoon, I tasted the first bite of my sacrificed meat. The menu had a variety of scrumptious delicacies. I noticed that the meat was

Community studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community studies - Essay Example Hence, the need for housing effectively creates an urban sprawl since the urban areas start spreading out and overrunning the underdeveloped areas and the rural communities. There is a realization that the pattern characterized by the urban sprawl is not sustainable for the future needs of the nation. In effect, the current patterns in development are moving towards ensuring that the consequences of urban sprawl do not affect the populace. One such current pattern of development is urban growth boundaries. In this case, the urban growth boundary is an official line separating the urban areas from its surrounding open greenbelt lands (â€Å"Urban Sprawl†, personal communication, n.d.). These lands include the parks, farms, and the watersheds. In effect, such a boundary is beneficial to the natural environment and maintains the flora and fauna without interfering with it. In addition, protection of farmlands ensures that the residents generally benefit by sustaining production. Another current development pattern meant to reduce the effects of the urban sprawl is new urbanism. This concept’s core principals are enhancing walkability, de-emphasizing the car, and creating some sort of a mix of services within a neighborhood (â€Å"New Urbanism†, personal communication, n.d.). In this case, bringing services to a walking distance within a residential area ensures that every individual resident benefits from the independence of movement. In addition, a reduction in the number and length of automobile trips minimizes traffic congestion, road maintenance expenses, and most importantly less pollution. Thus, the residents will benefit from the clean environment while there is channeling of public funds, saved from road maintenance, to other important areas of development. In addition, creating a mix of buildings enhances and facilitates evolution of the

DNA Fingerprinting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

DNA Fingerprinting - Research Proposal Example Jeffreys began at the simplest, by detecting single copies of the genes and the phenomena of introns. It was this research that introduced the genuine concepts of restricted fragment length polymorphism or RFLP.(Newton, 2004, np) By this technique it was possible to divide the DNA in to smaller pieces, which in turn led to discovery of SNP or single nucleotide polymorphism. The SNP became a designation for points in DNA that show variation in the nucleotide arrangement, which prevents their cutting. These two discoveries were going to affect the entire future of the genetic technologies. (Newton, 2004, np) The discovery of the DNA printing made it an exclusive fact that humans differ substantially from other life forms, a notion he had pride on for many millennia. Now DNA finger printing is a common house hold concept, as people know that in order to identify someone, a small trace of him or her is required in the form of hair, fingerprint, semen, saliva etc. Jeffreys studied the variations in the human DNA, and focused on those variations that would come up in repeat DNA sequences. This research led him to conclude that no two DNA strands can be the same, and act as genetic "fingerprints" to the person.(Sir Alex Jeffreys, 2007, np) The finding again was augmented by data derived from experiments on seal myoglobin genes, where the phenomena of mini-satellites in human genome was discovered. This was a major breakthrough in the start of the research of genetic fingerprinting. (Sir Alex Jeffreys, 2007, np) Mini or micro satellites are located on the non-coding DNA, and it is this DNA th at accumulates random variations at faster pace than the coding DNA. Many of these non-coding DNA genes are gene regulators, but a significant amount does not contain any information at all. These "junk DNA" are essentially the phenomenon which is known as the micro-satellites. The micro-satellites contain short and repetitive DNA sequences within the sequence. Usually their location is easily predicted, however, this sequence repetition is variable in every individual.(Olson, 2006, np) It is the micro-satellites that are cut when DNA fragmentation results, which lead to various lengths of band formation or RFLPs.The main concept behind this individuality of specie within itself is the arrangement of base pairs in the DNA. This arrangement difference is what differentiates species and animals and plants, as well as persons from each other. Therefore, every DNA sequence is unique. The DNA sequence in one organism will be the same in all of its cells, whether unicellular or multi-cell ular. The number of base pairs is different in every species, along with its configuration, which differentiates the various species from each other. (Antler, 2003, para 1) DNA fingerprinting is now being used in many fields of common life and advanced genetic researches. One of the most interesting areas is the diagnosis of inherited disease within an individual. It is now a known fact that humans inherit many illness genes, which are contributory in progression of the disease. Ethical issues aside, in prenatal and newborn infants, this technology can be used to identify any inherited disorders that they may be carrying, and institute treatment should the need arise. Due to the increased involvement